One of the stand out highlights of a visit to Morocco is the distinctive architecture.
From arches to minarets there are some exquisite examples of buildings and architectural features all over the country.
Here are a few of the highlights of Moroccan architecture to check out when visiting the country.
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The Historical Importance of Moroccan Architecture
Many Moroccan buildings, such as the Koutoubia Mosque and the Bahia Palace in Marrakech, reflect the big influence of Islamic architecture and design
Moroccan architecture showcase the country’s rich history. As many of Morocco’s buildings are designated as UNESCO World Heritage sites and have been standing for centuries.
During your visit to Morocco, you will appreciate the influence of various cultures, ranging from Roman and Byzantine to Islamic and Berber.
Riads
Riads or “ryads” are traditional Moroccan houses that were originally built for the upper class. Popularised in the 12th century, raids were built in abundance in larger cities.
For example, the Old Medina City of Marrakesh contains many ryads that have been transformed into small hotels. From the outside, the riads look quite plain, being made from “Tadelakt”, which is a waterproof plaster.
Once inside though, a beautiful private oasis is waiting. Typically built at least two stories high, riads floor plans are unique. In contrast to a typical home, riads’ rooms face inward towards the center courtyard.
This is the reason for the plain exterior, as no windows are visible from the outside. In the inner courtyard often a fountain or tree is placed in the center, creating a tranquil escape from the busy streets.
Related Post: Riads: Architectural Treasures of Moroccan Elegance
Kasbah
Historically Kasbah served as a fortress for the city, with the majority of Kasbah located in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco.
Altitude, extremely high walls and watch towers enabled a clear view of the surrounding area, in case of attack. As a form of camouflage,
Kasbah were built to blend into the surrounding landscape. The walls of Kasbah were made from “adobe”, a combination of layered stone and mud.
So although Kasbah were quite large, they were not seen as extravagant outwardly in appearance.
Many Kasbah were designed with a focus on security over practicality. For example, only small holes were created in the walls of the Kasbah to allow light.
This means indoor hallways and rooms are quite dark, as large windows were seen as a security risk.
Overall the structure served many functions for the city, including housing the military and administration center, and containing the royal palace.
Related Post: Step into the World of Kasbah Architecture
Madrasa
Madrasas are buildings that house educational institutes for Islamic teachings. First becoming popular in the 11th century, they quickly expanded throughout the Muslim world.
Today you can tour the ruins of Madrasas or visit Madrasas that are currently running and teaching students today.
Structurally, the interior of a Madrasas is similar in design to a riad. Inside you will find a spacious courtyard with a fountain or pool for students to gather around and study the Koran.
The walls of the Madrasa are typically high and often contain more than one story.
This allows those on the second floor to peer down into the inner courtyard below.
Beautiful mosaic tiles can be found throughout Madrasas, containing colorful patterns that can be admired by any visitor.
Detailed archways between rooms were often integrated and wooden-carved-lattice balconies were also common and allowed for privacy.
The interior of Madrasas is one of complexity and beauty, as the patterns and interior design could be described as a work of art.
Minarets
Minarets are towers on the corner of a mosque where the muezzin calls people to prayer. They are often decorated with calligraphy, carved geometric designs or terracotta.
They have single windows and the dome of a minaret has a decorative finial. Some of the most notable minarets in Morocco are Koutoubia in Marrakech where each side has a different type of decoration; and the more modern minaret in Moulay Idriss which has green glazed terracotta.
Mosques are built around a central courtyard with an ornamental water fountain and arched portico. The prayer hall is divided into naves.
Some are plain looking whilst others have ornate decorative tiling. The aisle leads to the mihrab which faces Mecca, indicating the direction of prayer.
Houses
In Morocco the carved doors to houses are an architectural feature. Many have copper metal work as well as intricate carvings.
Traditionally homes in morocco have an interior patio with tiles and panels. Arches feature too with decorative stucco and carvings. Terracotta or double pitch roofs are very common in Morocco. Some houses have decorative metalwork in the form of lanterns, window frames and balconies.
Ramparts and Gateways
Many of the historic cities in Morocco have ramparts and gateways which are a distinctive architectural feature. Many are framed in a horizontal rectangle with decorative spandrels. Some have floral or shell motifs.
One of the most distinctive gateways is at Meknes. This arch is Almohad style and is set between two highly crenelated towers.
Other styles include lintels with decorated bricks in earth buildings, and lozenge tracery in lattice work.
Medinas
The houses in a medina crowd together with small windows and huge doors. There is more to meet the eye as many of the houses open out onto a courtyard.
There are rooftop terraces too as well as blind alleys and squares. Many medinas are made up of concentric circles, each with a madrasa, mosque, bread oven, hammam and water fountain.
Related Post:Journey through the Vibrant Medinas
Iconic Moroccan Architecture: A Glimpse of Grandeur
Moroccan architecture is a feast for the eyes, and its most remarkable buildings and monuments are a testament to the country’s rich heritage. Here are some must-visit structures that exemplify the beauty of Moroccan architecture:
Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca
As one of the largest mosques in the world, the Hassan II Mosque is a masterpiece of Moroccan craftsmanship. Its intricate details, including zellige tilework, calligraphy, and the grand minaret, are awe-inspiring.
Bahia Palace, Marrakech
The Bahia Palace is a dazzling display of Moroccan Islamic and Andalusian architectural styles. Intricate stucco work, colorful tiles, tranquil courtyards, and lush gardens make it a true gem in Marrakech.
Kasbah of the Udayas, Rabat
The Kasbah of the Udayas, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a fortified ancient citadel perched on a hill overlooking the Bou Regreg River. Its narrow streets, white-washed buildings, and blue accents provide an authentic Moroccan experience.
Koutoubia Mosque, Marrakech
The Koutoubia Mosque, with its towering minaret, is an iconic symbol of Marrakech. Its architectural style, characterized by ornate arches and delicate stucco work, represents classic Moroccan design.
These remarkable buildings and monuments offer a glimpse into the world of Moroccan architecture, where intricate details and timeless beauty converge to create a visual wonder that leaves a lasting impression on all who visit.
Modern Trends and Preservation Efforts
Moroccan architecture is a dynamic blend of tradition and innovation, continuously evolving while facing preservation challenges.
- Contemporary Trends: Today’s Moroccan architecture seamlessly combines traditional and modern elements, emphasizing sustainability and innovative materials.
- Conservation and Restoration: Preservation efforts are robust, backed by UNESCO World Heritage designations that protect the nation’s architectural heritage and promote tourism.
- Success Stories: Inspiring restoration projects have revitalized historic structures, preserving their authenticity and offering valuable lessons from the challenges faced along the way.
Moroccan architecture is a captivating blend of influences, reflecting the country’s diverse history. From riads to kasbahs, each structure carries its own charm and historical narrative, showcasing the enduring legacy of this remarkable country.